Interview Framework

CIRCLES

Open-ended product design / improvement questions

When to reach for it

Any question that starts with Design / Improve / Build a product for…

In depth

What is the CIRCLES framework?

CIRCLES is a method for answering open-ended product-design questions like "Design a product for X." It walks you through seven steps: Comprehend the situation, Identify the customer, Report their needs, Cut through prioritization, List solutions, Evaluate trade-offs, and Summarize. It keeps you user-led instead of jumping straight to features.

The CIRCLES Cheat Sheet

  1. C

    Comprehend the situation

    Clarify scope, constraints, goal, and success metric.

  2. I

    Identify the customer

    Segment users; pick one segment to solve for.

  3. R

    Report customer needs

    List real jobs-to-be-done, not features.

  4. C

    Cut through prioritization

    Rank needs by reach × impact × feasibility.

  5. L

    List solutions

    Brainstorm 3+ distinct solutions, not variations.

  6. E

    Evaluate trade-offs

    Compare on user value, business value, and cost.

  7. S

    Summarize recommendation

    Pick one, name the success metric, state the risk.

Top CIRCLES Pitfalls

These are the moves that turn a strong framework into a flat answer.

  • Skipping clarification and diving into solutions.

  • Picking a customer segment then designing for everyone anyway.

  • Listing features instead of solutions to a specific need.

Worked examples

QuestionDesign a product to help new parents in their first 90 days.

Weak answer

I would build an app with a feed of parenting tips, a forum to talk to other parents, and reminders for feeding and sleep. New parents are stressed, so an all-in-one app would really help them stay organised.

Strong answer

Comprehend: I will assume we are optimising for engagement, not revenue, in year one. Identify: new parents split into first-time and experienced, and into solo vs partnered. I will solve for first-time, solo-at-home parents, who feel the most isolated. Report: their top jobs-to-be-done are "is this normal?", "am I doing this right?", and "I need a break". Cut through: I will prioritise reassurance, because it underpins the other two. List: an on-demand video line to a nurse, an AI symptom-checker tuned for newborns, or a peer-match to one vetted parent. Evaluate: the nurse line builds the most trust but is operationally heavy, so I would start with the AI checker and a clear escalation to a human. Summarize: for first-time solo parents, ship an AI newborn-reassurance checker with one-tap escalation to a nurse, measured by weekly active reassurance sessions.

Why the strong version wins: The strong answer clarifies the goal first, picks one segment instead of "all parents", lists real needs before features, prioritises explicitly, and recommends one solution with a metric. The weak answer jumps straight to a feature list for everyone, which is exactly what CIRCLES is designed to stop.

Try it on this prompt

Design a product to help new parents in their first 90 days.

Practice this framework in the JobMentis Simulator →

Companies that grade you on CIRCLES

These companies actually ask CIRCLES-shaped questions in their loop. Browse the real questions and the rubric we grade on.

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